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HOME > Climate & Weather Linkage > El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) > Historical El Nino/ La Nina episodes (1950-present)

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DESCRIPTION: Warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes based on a threshold of +/- 0.5^oC for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST.v3b SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5^oN-5^oS, 120^o-170^oW)], based on the 1971-2000 base period. For historical purposes cold and warm episodes (blue and red colored numbers) are defined when the threshold is met for a minimum of 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons.

Year	DJF	JFM	FMA	MAM	AMJ	MJJ	JJA	JAS	ASO	SON	OND	NDJ
1950	-1.7	-1.5	-1.3	-1.4	-1.3	-1.1	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0
1951	-1.0	-0.9	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
1952	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
1953	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
1954	0.5	0.3	-0.1	-0.5	-0.7	-0.7	-0.8	-1.0	-1.2	-1.1	-1.1	-1.1
1955	-1.0	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.4	-1.8	-2.0	-1.9
1956	-1.3	-0.9	-0.7	-0.6	-0.6	-0.6	-0.7	-0.8	-0.8	-0.9	-0.9	-0.8
1957	-0.5	-0.1	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.5
1958	1.7	1.5	1.2	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4
1959	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2
1960	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
1961	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.3	-0.6	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4
1962	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.7
1963	-0.6	-0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
1964	0.8	0.4	-0.1	-0.5	-0.8	-0.8	-0.9	-1.0	-1.1	-1.2	-1.2	-1.0
1965	-0.8	-0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.3	0.6	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5
1966	1.2	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
1967	-0.4	-0.4	-0.6	-0.5	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-0.5
1968	-0.7	-0.9	-0.8	-0.7	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.9
1969	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7
1970	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.6	-0.8	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9	-1.1
1971	-1.3	-1.3	-1.1	-0.9	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.9	-1.0	-0.9
1972	-0.7	-0.4	0.0	0.2	0.5	0.8	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.8	2.0	2.1
1973	1.8	1.2	0.5	-0.1	-0.6	-0.9	-1.1	-1.3	-1.4	-1.7	-2.0	-2.1
1974	-1.9	-1.7	-1.3	-1.1	-0.9	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.7	-0.9	-0.7
1975	-0.6	-0.6	-0.7	-0.8	-0.9	-1.1	-1.2	-1.3	-1.5	-1.6	-1.7	-1.7
1976	-1.6	-1.2	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.7
1977	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7
1978	0.7	0.4	0.0	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
1979	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5
1980	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
1981	-0.3	-0.5	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
1982	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.5	1.9	2.2	2.3
1983	2.3	2.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	0.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.6	-0.8	-0.9	-0.7
1984	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.6	-0.9	-1.1
1985	-0.9	-0.8	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4
1986	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.2
1987	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.1
1988	0.7	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.7	-1.2	-1.3	-1.2	-1.3	-1.6	-1.9	-1.9
1989	-1.7	-1.5	-1.1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
1990	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
1991	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.6
1992	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.2	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.2
1993	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2
1994	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.9	1.2	1.3
1995	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.7
1996	-0.7	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4
1997	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.4	0.8	1.3	1.7	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.5
1998	2.3	1.9	1.5	1.0	0.5	0.0	-0.5	-0.8	-1.0	-1.1	-1.3	-1.4
1999	-1.4	-1.2	-0.9	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0	-1.1	-1.3	-1.6
2000	-1.6	-1.4	-1.0	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7
2001	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
2002	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.4
2003	1.2	0.9	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4
2004	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
2005	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.7
2006	-0.7	-0.6	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.9	1.1	1.1
2007	0.8	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4	-0.7	-1.0	-1.1	-1.3
2008	-1.4	-1.4	-1.1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.3	-0.6
2009	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.1	0.2	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.8
2010	1.7	1.5	1.2	0.8	0.3	-0.2	-0.6	-1.0	-1.3	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
2011	-1.3	-1.2	-0.9	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.7	-0.8	-0.9
2012	-0.8	-0.6


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